The Tundish is a refractory container that first receives molten steel poured from the steel ladle, and then distributes it to various mould through the nozzle of steel ladle.
The refractory material application in steel-making
The development of the steel making industry is not only reflected in the increase of quantity, but also in the improvement of product varieties and quality, which is closely related to the progress of metallurgical technology, especially in converter steel-making, out of furnace refining, continuous casting and other technologies.
Refractory materials are essential foundational materials in the steel-making process.Their service behavior has a significant impact on the quality of steel varieties and metallurgical efficiency. To a certain extent, the implementation of major metallurgical new technologies relies on breakthroughs in refractory material new technologies. In the process of high-quality and green development of steel making, the important role of high-performance refractory materials cannot be replaced.
About Steel Ladle
The steel ladle is a container for storing and transporting molten steel. Currently, the refining process of molten steel is mostly completed inside the ladle. Therefore, the ladle plays an important role in the steel-making system.
Classification of Steel Ladles
According to the current common types of steel ladles, they can be divided into the following categories:
According to the different smelting processes of steel mills, they can be divided into converter ladles and electric furnace ladles
According to metallurgical processes, it can be divided into ordinary ladles and refined ladles:
According to different materials and construction methods, it can be divided into pouring ladle, brick masonry ladle, and mixed ladle;
According to the size of the capacity, it can be divided into large ladles for those weighing over 100 tons and small ladles for those weighing less than 100 tons.
The steel ladle is composed of three parts: outer shell, lining and sliding nozzle mechanism.
The refractory material of the ladle working layer directly contacts the molten steel and steel slag, which bears the mechanical erosion and high-temperature chemical erosion. The service life of the ladle depends on the refractory material of the working layer, the level of masonry and the smelting environment.
About Sliding nozzle mechanism
The sliding nozzle of the ladle is used to control the steel flow and the height of the liquid level in the tundish. The sliding nozzle consists of inner nozzle, upper sliding gate plate, collector nozzle and a lower sliding gate plate. During the operation, the movement of the sliding gate plate can be used to adjust the degree of overlap between the upper and lower casting holes and control the size of the casting flow. There are two adjustment methods, namely hydraulic and manual. The sliding nozzle is subject to the erosion of high-temperature steel slag, static pressure of molten steel and rapid cooling and heating effects. Therefore, refractory materials are required to bear high temperature resistance, erosion resistance, rapid cooling and heating resistance, good slag resistance, and sufficient high-temperature strength.
About Tundish
The Tundish is a refractory container that first receives molten steel poured from the steel ladle, and then distributes it to various mould through the nozzle of steel ladle.
Its function
It can be seen that the main function of the tundish is to reduce pressure, stabilize flow, remove inclusions, store and divert molten steel.
Reduce the static pressure of molten steel, maintain a stable liquid level of molten steel in the tundish, and smoothly inject molten steel into the mould
Promote the further floating of inclusions to purify the molten steel
Diverting molten steel. For continuous casting machines, the molten steel is distributed to each mould through the tundish
Store molten steel. When replacing steel ladles in multiple furnace continuous casting, the casting speed is not reduced, creating conditions for multiple furnace continuous casting.
The requirements for refractory materials in the tundish can be summarized as:
High temperature resistance
Don't react with molten steel or alloying elements
High resistance to slag erosion
Low porosity to prevent air from entering the molten steel
High thermal shock resistance
Easy to operate during assembly and trial use
Stable quality
Economically affordable prices
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